Abstract: As a public policy, the national essential public health services (EPHS) policy reflects its policy requirements in the form of service projects. Since the implementation of EPHS from 2009 to 2018, the service effect has been improved year by year. Under the background of the tenth anniversary of the project, it is of great significance to carry out researches on the evaluation of EPHS. Based on the ‘new public service’ and the concept of responsible government and service-oriented government, the study focuses on the relationship between EPHS evaluation and the theories and concepts mentioned above. From the perspective of policy performance, the study constructs a framework of EPHS evaluation indicators with government responsibility, service function transformation and service delivery effect as the main dimensions to lay a foundation for further improving the evaluation system of the EPHS.