Abstract: As a comprehensive opening-up strategy, the Belt and Road Initiative is a major move for China to further conduct reform and opening-up, with the strategic goal for building a community with shared interests, developments and responsibility that features political mutual trust, economic integration and cultural inclusiveness. Africa is an important strategic partner of the Belt and Road Initiative. However, the economic development in Africa has been restricted by its medical and health conditions, and the development of public health is relatively backward. The cooperation between China and Africa in the field of public health has realistic significance and is in line with long-term development interests. Regarding medical cooperation as a starting point can be the power agent that promotes the wide implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, the lubricant that prevents possible obstructions. This article discusses the cooperation in public health with countries joining the Belt and Road Initiative, and explores the radiation effect and long-term significance of public health cooperation with Kenya, a country with significant and extensive influence in Africa.