农村初中生不同形式受欺负与自杀意念关联及性别调节作用

王铮; 宋玉萍; 尹训宝; 邱小艳; 刘小群; 杨孟思

doi:10.11847/zgggws1124926

农村初中生不同形式受欺负与自杀意念关联及性别调节作用

Correlations of different bullying victimizations with suicide ideation and moderating effect of gender among rural junior high school students

摘要

摘要:
目的探讨不同形式受欺负与自杀意念的关联及性别的调节作用。
方法于2017年4 — 6月，在山东省农村地区采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，采用集体施测的方式对3 413名初中生进行受欺负状况、自杀意念水平及人口学资料调查，并进行描述和层次回归分析。
结果农村初中生遭受欺负的总发生率为21.9 %，遭受言语欺负、躯体欺负、关系欺负及网络欺负的发生率分别为16.6 %、5.5 %、7.3 %、4.1 %；男生遭受各种欺负的发生率均高于女生；女生自杀意念水平高于男生，控制年龄、母亲文化程度、是否留守和家庭结构后，网络受欺负、关系受欺负、言语受欺负、躯体受欺负对自杀意念均具有显著预测性,其中网络欺负对自杀意念的预测力最强（β = 0.22，P = 0.00），其次是关系受欺负（β = 0.06，P = 0.003），言语受欺负与躯体受欺负对自杀意念的预测力相对偏低（β = 0.05、0.04，P = 0.02、0.04）；性别与言语受欺负的交互作用（β = 0.05，P < 0.05）及性别与关系受欺负的交互作用（β = 0.04，P < 0.05）对自杀意念具有显著预测性。
结论 4种受欺负对自杀意念均具有显著预测性，但预测程度有一定差异；性别对言语受欺负、关系受欺负与自杀意念的关联具有一定的调节作用。要特别重视网络受欺负对初中生可能造成的消极影响以及言语、关系受欺负对女生可能造成的消极影响。

Abstract:
Objective To examine correlations of different types of bullying victimization with suicide ideation and the impact of gender on the correlations among rural junior high school students.
Methods Using stratified multistage cluster sampling, we recruited 3 580 students from 12 junior high schools in rural areas of 6 prefectures across Shandong province and then conducted a self-administered on-site survey from April to June, 2017. The students′ information on demographics, bullying victimization, and suicide ideation were collected with a self-designed questionnaire, Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) modified for junior high school students, and other instruments; descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analysis were used in data analyses.
Results The prevalence of overall, verbal, physical, relational, cyber bullying victimization were 21.9%, 16.6%, 5.5%, 7.3%, and 4.1%, respectively, among 3 413 students with valid information, with higher prevalence of various bullying victimizations among the boy students than that among the girl students. The girl students reported a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation than the boy students. After adjusting for gender, maternal education, left-behind experience, and family structure, hierarchical regression analysis revealed that cyber bullying victimization (β = 0.22, P < 0.001) was a stronger significant predictor of suicide ideation, followed by relational (β = 0.06, P = 0.003), verbal (β = 0.05, P = 0.02) and physical bullying victimization (β = 0.04, P = 0.04); the interaction between verbal bullying victimization and gender (β = 0.05, P < 0.05) and that between relational bullying victimization and gender (β = 0.04, P < 0.05) were also significant predicators of suicide ideation.
Conclusion Among rural junior high school students, various types of bullying victimization could predict suicide ideation statistically at different levels; gender could moderate associations of verbal and relational bullying victimization with suicide ideation. Attentions should be paid to adverse effect of cyber bullying victimization on mental status in the students and to that of verbal and rational bullying victimization in girl students.

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