Abstract: Both reforms of the disease prevention and control system and the public health physician system have also been put on the agenda with the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy and continuous innovation of the medical and health system in China. This study intends to analyze the causation and the logicality of the reforms of the two systems from academic and theoretical perspective. The disease prevention and control system reform focuses on the relationship and division of responsibilities between medical institutions and national health administration and on the coordination of medical institutions and government administrative agencies at various levels to solve major health problems in China. While, professional personnel's responsibility assignment and stability are main tasks for the reform of public health physician system.