Status and population characteristics of knowledge, attitude and practice about foodborne disease prevention among Chinese public
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摘要:
目的 了解中国居民防范食源性疾病的知识、态度、行为现状及其人群特征,为学校和社区采取有效的食品安全教育及健康促进策略提供参考依据。 方法 于2020年1 — 5月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法在中国华东、华南、华中、华北、西北、西南和东北7个区域抽取70个样本县(区或地级市)共2446名当地居民进行问卷调查,并应用四象限分析法和无序多分类logistic回归模型分析居民防范食源性疾病的KAP现状及其人群特征。 结果 中国居民对防范食源性疾病相关知识的平均知晓率为62.20 %,对正确态度的平均持有率为59.26 %,对正确行为的平均具备率为70.08 %。居民防范食源性疾病相关知识、态度和行为的平均得分为(4.98 ± 1.61)、(4.74 ± 2.34)和(7.01 ± 2.20)分;相关分析结果显示,中国居民防范食源性疾病知识、态度和行为之间均呈正相关(r = 0.228、0.440、0.201, 均P < 0.01)。中国2446名居民中,有1328人(54.29 %)归为第一象限,有624人(25.51 %)归为第二象限,有281人(11.49 %)归为第三象限,有213人(8.71 %)归为第四象限。无序多分类logistic回归分析结果显示,男性更容易被划分至第三象限,其次是第二象限;年龄0~20岁者更容易被划分至第四象限,21~40岁者更容易被划分至第三象限,而41~60岁者则更不容易被划分至第二象限;大专/本科及以下文化程度者更容易被划分至第二象限,初中及以下文化程度者亦容易被划分至第三象限;已婚者更不容易被划分至第三象限;家庭年均收入 < 10000元者更容易被划分至第三象限。 结论 中国居民防范食源性疾病相关知识、态度和行为的整体水平偏低,应根据各象限人群特征开展有针对性的食品安全教育和干预,促进其掌握足够的食源性疾病知识、持有正确的态度和具备正确的行为。 Abstract:Objective To examine the status and population characteristics of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about foodborne disease prevention among the public in China and to provide evidences for developing strategies on effective food safety education and health promotion in schools and communities. Methods With a self-designed questionnaire, we conducted an interview survey among 2 600 citizens recruited in 70 counties/prefectures of 7 geographical regions across China using stratified multistage random sampling during January – May of 2020. Four-quadrant analysis and multinominal logistic regression model were used to analyze the status quo and population characteristics of KAP about foodborne disease prevention in the participants. Results Among the 2 466 participants with valid responses, 62.20%, 59.26%, and 70.08% reported foodborne disease prevention-related awareness, correct attitude, and correct behaviors and the average scores for knowledge, attitude and practice about foodborne disease prevention were 4.98 ± 1.61, 4.74 ± 2.34 and 7.01 ± 2.20, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations among participants′ foodborne disease prevention-related knowledge, attitude and practice (r = 0.228, 0.440, and 0.201, P < 0.01 for all). Of all the participants, 1 328 (54.29%) were classified into the first quadrant (the quadrant with a higher proportion of participants having better KAP about foodborne disease prevention) and 624 (25.51%), 281 (11.49%), and 213 (8.71%) into the second, third, and the fourth quadrant. The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that: the male participants were more likely to be classified into the third and the second quadrant; the participants aged 0 – 20 years were more likely to be classified into the fourth quadrant and those aged 21 – 40 years into the third quadrant, but those aged 41 – 60 years were less likely into the second quadrant; the participants with the education of college/university or below were more likely to be classified into the second quadrant, while those with the education of junior high school or below were more likely to be classified into the third quadrant; the married participants were less likely to be classified into the third quadrant; and the participants with an annual household income of less than 10 000 RMB yuan were more likely to be classified into the third quadrant. Conclusion The knowledge, attitude and practice about foodborne disease prevention is generally at a low level among the public in China and targeted education and intervention on food safety should be carried out in various populations. -
Key words:
- foodborne disease /
- knowledge /
- attitude /
- practice /
- population characteristics /
- Chinese public
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表 1 中国居民对防范食源性疾病知识知晓情况(n = 2446)
题目 知晓数 知晓率(%) 是否听说过食源性疾病 1286 52.58 恶心是否属于食源性疾病 1200 49.06 腹泻是否属于食源性疾病 1556 63.61 食物中毒是否属于食源性疾病 1855 75.84 食源性疾病是否会造成长期或慢性损害 1550 63.37 处理不同的食物是否能用同一块案板 2013 82.30 是否认为路边摊是安全的 1940 79.31 选择用餐地点时是否最看重环境干净 772 31.56 表 2 中国居民对防范食源性疾病正确态度持有情况(n = 2446)
题目 正确态度持有数 持有率(%) 是否经常关注生产日期、保质期 2081 85.08 是否经常关注品牌、产地 1147 46.89 是否经常关注过敏原信息 850 34.75 是否经常关注食品安全认证 1263 51.64 是否经常关注营养成分 1309 53.52 是否经常关注新鲜程度 1929 78.86 是否经常关注价格 1818 74.33 是否经常关注配料 1197 48.94 表 3 中国居民对防范食源性疾病正确行为具备情况(n = 2446)
题目 正确行为
具备数具备率
(%)不生吃水产品(如生鱼片、醉虾) 2114 86.43 不生吃鸡蛋(全生或半生) 1926 78.74 不生吃肉类(如三分熟的牛排) 2066 84.46 不生吃蔬菜(生菜、黄瓜等) 716 29.27 用肥皂/洗手液和干净的水洗手 2129 87.04 用清洁液和干净的水清洗菜板 1907 77.96 食用剩饭剩菜的习惯 1032 42.22 生、熟食分开保存的习惯 1661 67.91 切肉或菜时用不同的菜板或每次都清洗后再用 1501 61.37 用冰箱储藏食物 2093 85.57 表 4 不同象限居民影响因素的无序多分类logistic回归分析
项目 因素 参照组 β $S_{\bar x}$ Wald χ2 值 P 值 OR 值 95 % CI 第二象限 性别 男性 女性 0.208 0.100 4.295 0.038 1.231 1.011~1.498 年龄(岁) 0~20 ≥ 61 0.016 0.312 0.003 0.958 1.017 0.552~1.873 21~40 0.090 0.288 0.097 0.756 1.094 0.622~1.923 41~60 – 0.633 0.278 5.204 0.023 0.531 0.308~0.915 文化程度 初中及以下 硕士及以上 1.650 0.414 15.852 < 0.001 5.205 2.311~11.724 高中/中专 1.450 0.400 13.120 < 0.001 4.263 1.945~9.342 大专/本科 1.132 0.391 8.378 0.004 3.102 1.441~6.675 第三象限 性别 男性 女性 0.494 0.136 13.142 < 0.001 1.638 1.255~2.139 年龄(岁) 0~20 ≥ 61 0.723 0.498 2.106 0.147 2.060 0.776~5.468 21~40 0.963 0.474 4.134 0.042 2.620 1.035~6.629 41~60 0.086 0.461 0.035 0.851 1.090 0.442~2.691 文化程度 初中及以下 硕士及以上 0.926 0.459 4.059 0.044 2.523 1.025~6.208 高中/中专 0.792 0.438 3.273 0.070 2.208 0.936~5.206 大专/本科 0.107 0.426 0.063 0.802 1.113 0.483~2.565 婚姻状况 未婚 丧偶 – 1.033 0.659 2.458 0.117 0.356 0.098~1.295 已婚 – 1.405 0.626 5.037 0.025 0.245 0.072~0.837 离异 – 0.643 0.816 0.621 0.431 0.526 0.106~2.603 家庭年均收入(元) < 50000 > 100000 0.472 0.186 6.469 0.011 1.603 1.114~2.306 50000~100000 0.511 0.186 7.561 0.006 1.667 1.158~2.400 第四象限 年龄(岁) 0~20 ≥ 61 1.602 0.735 4.756 0.029 4.964 1.176~20.951 21~40 1.360 0.715 3.621 0.057 3.896 0.960~15.809 41~60 0.824 0.697 1.399 0.237 2.281 0.582~8.943 -
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