Abstract: As an important part of the emergency management system for public health emergencies, health emergency preparedness has been highly valued by the World Health Organization (WHO) and various countries and regions. Public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) has been defined as the capability of the public health and health care systems/communities/individuals to prevent, protect against, quickly respond to, and recover from health emergencies, particularly those with the scale, timing, or unpredictability exceeding conventional capabilities. In this paper, we summarize and compare the health emergency preparedness frameworks proposed by the World Health Organization and issued in the United States and the United Kingdom, and draw on the relevant experience of the above-mentioned organizations and national health emergency preparedness frameworks, and proposes a set of systematic health emergency preparedness frameworks composed of three major system modules (functional subsystem, management mechanism and resource support) covering the preparation, response and recovery phases of public health emergencies. This study puts forward corresponding suggestions to provide support for improving China's health emergency preparedness framework.