Abstract: Dementia (also known as cognitive impairment) is a progressive degenerative disease of central nervous system, characterized by chronic and progressive cognitive decline, loss of memory and language ability. As the global population ages, the incidence of dementia is increasing year by year, and the long-term care of elderly dementia patients presents a rigid demand. In the past, China′s research on long-term care of elderly dementia patients has largely drawn on foreign experience, and in recent years, it has tended to predict the size of the elderly dementia population, macroeconomic burden, etc., but there is a lack of systematic analysis of the cost estimation and research methods of long-term care for elderly dementia patients, and there is little research on the evaluation of the effectiveness of dementia preventive interventions. This article provided a systematic overview of the current situation of long-term care for elderly dementia patients at home and abroad, and systematically sorted out the cost and preventive intervention strategies, methods, and evaluation research of long-term care for elderly dementia patients at home and abroad, in order to provide evidence-based basis for exploring the construction of a new era of long-term care system for elderly dementia patients.