Abstract: The study which adopted 2×2 factor-factorial design principle and graphite oven atomic absorptiometer shows that the changes of contents of the toxic elements such like Selenium(Se),Lead(Pb) and Cadmiun(Cd) in women with iodine deficiency(ID)and smoke inhalation(SI) have distinct mutual effect(P_av<0 01).The blood Se's content was 26.5±8.09μg/L,which obviously lower than that of the control(34.2±7.64μg/L);Pb was 143.7±2.34μg/L and Cd was 10.5±4.83μg/L,which obviously higher than the control(97.6±21.7μg/L and 3.8±2.34μg/L).The increase of Se and the decrease of Pb and Cd can be seen with SI single factor,but with ID factor only the increase of Pb can be seen (P<0.01).The results showed that the joint action effects of ID and SI inhibit the absorb and store of trace element inside the human body,in the same time,the coexist of ID and SI can promote the absorb of the toxic elements:Pb and Cd.The population in the ID epidemic area with high Pb content of cause can not rule out the possibility that it is located in communication lines,the effect of automobile's tail gas which promote the lead dust's pollution and make the high Pb background.