Abstract: Objective To estimate the impact of different family fuel on the children's immune system functions.Methods Fourty primary school students whose familise used coal as fuel and fourty primary students whose family fuel was gas paired with the same sex,age,grade,average income,average living space were selected as objects.The concentrations of the indoor air pollutants such as SO₂,NO₂,CO and IP were monitored;the levels of immune function indexes such as IgA,IgM,IgG,complement C₃,saliva lysozyme,CD₄,CD₈ and CD₄/CD₈ of the students were tested.Results The indoor air concentrations of SO₂,CO and IP of the families using coal were significantly higher than those families using gas(P<0.05),the concentration of NO₂ was higher in the gas families.Conclusion Because of the good ventilation condition,the diffusion and dilution of the indoor air pollutants were very quickly and there was no significant difference in the immune function indexes between the two groups(P>0.05).