Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk factors of DR.A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted.Methods The data of 105 pairs of cases and controls were analysed by Conditional logistic regression analysis.Results Univariate analysis suggested that increased duration of DM,younger age at diabetic diagaosis,increased SBP,hypertension,using exogenous insulin,increased uricalbumin were risk factors of DR.The variables entered into major effect model,were duration of DM,OR=2.32(95% CI:1.32-4.05);SBP,OR=4.78(95%CI:1.83-12.52);uricalbumin,OR=1.90(95%CI:1.21-2.99);Using quantity of insulin,OR=1.98(95%CI:1.05-3.74).Several other factors including cigarette smoking,alcohol consumption,tea consumption,physical activity,psychosocial factors,socioeconomic status and reading time,had no significant association with DR.Conclusion The main risk factors of DR were long duration,using exogenous insulin,increased uricalbamin and SBP in diabeteic population.