Abstract: Objective To investigate and analyse the epidemiological characteristcs and factors of anthrax in 2001 in Liaoning province in order to provide basis for strenthening the prevention and control of antrrax.Methods To conduct epidemiological analysis and historial comparasion according to both reporting data of infectious diseases from whole province and on the spot in vestigating reports on outbreak of infectious diseases.Results There were five happenings of anthrax in 2001 in Liaoning province.There were 27 cases merely with skin anthrax,2 cases superveninging with intestinal anthrax,1 case complicating with meningitis among 30 cases of anthrax.Three cases were dead.The investigation indicated that the main reasons that induced the outbreak of infectious diseases were killing the sick and dead livestock(cow,ship,horse,mule,etc)on the spot,knowledge dificency on prevention and diagnosis of anthrax among medical persons and residents,the low rate of livestock quarantine and livestock vaccination,the common susceptivity of crowds.All five cases happened in rural.One case was a student,the other were peasants.The characteristics such as time distribution and area distribution had no difference compared with original epidemiological characteristics.Conclusion Special training should be strenghthened.Cases should be diagnosed and treated early in order to low case-fatality rate.Prevention knowledge and common sense of anthrax should be propagandized to people.Quarantine among livestock by livestock department should be suggested.The prevention vaccination among human beings and livestock should conducted cooperatively in order to increase the immunity.