Abstract: Objective To know the present epidemiological situation of drowning-related risk behaviors of Chinese adolescents and to provide basis for drowing injury prevention and control.Methods An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 181 832 middle school students in 18 provinces and cities of China.Results The incidence of swimming,swimming in informal swimming pools,and drowning were 52.4%,11.8% and 1.8% respectively.The incidence of boys were higher than those of girls.The incidence of swimming in big cities,coastal cities and regions of rivers and lakes was high,and the proportion of swimming in formal pool in developed cities was higher than those of under developed cities.The incidence of drowning was lower corres pondingly.The incidence of near-drowning in informal swimming pools was higher than that in formal pools.Conclusion The incidence of drowning was related nearly with swimming in informal swimming pools.The incidence of drowning-related risk behaviors differed with children's sex,grade,regions and economic status of cities.