Abstract: Objective By analysing the epidemic char acteristics of host animals of hemorr hagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)in Hebei province toprovide scientific evidence for its prevent ion and contr ol.Methods Rat density was investigated by trap-night method and immunofluorescence technique was used todetect the pulmonary virus antigen of the rats.Results At populated area the rat density was 1.85%,and the hantaviru-scarrying rate was 3.33%,the community of the rats was Rattus norvegicus,Mus musculus,little Cricetulus tr iton and Cricetulus triton.Rattus nor veg icus had the highesthantavir us-carrying rate that was 3.35% among these rats;In open country the rat density was 1113%,and the hantavirus carr ying rate was 21 44%.The community of the rats was Rattius norvegocis.M us,musculus,Apodemus agrarius,Cricetulus trion,Microtus for rtis,Apodemus peninsulae,little Cricetulus triton and Rattus confucianus,Apodemus agrar ius had the highest hantav irus-carry ing rate that was 6.67% among these rats.Rattus norv eg icus distr ibutied in different communit ies of the rats and different districts,and it was the dominant species.The next ones were the M us musculus and Cr icetulus triton,distributed in 9 cities,constituent ratiowas at the second position.T he others,including little Cricetulus tr iton,Apodemus agr ar ius and Microtus fortis,distributed in fewdistricts.Rattus confucianus and A podemus peninsulae were captured only in the mountain area of Cheng de located in the north of Hebei province.Conclusion Rattus norvegicus was the main host amimals and infection sources in Hebei pr ovince,which takes an important role in transmitting HF RS.Therefore,we should take composite prevention and control measures aiming dir ectly at community of the rat,tocontrol the epidemic of HFRS.