Abstract: Objective To explore the status of knowledge related to HIV/AIDS occupational exposure and self-protection in urban and rural health wor kers.To provide basis for prevention of the occupational exposure.Methods Knowledge about HIV/AIDS occupational exposure and self-protection was investigated among 149 urban health workers and 167 rural health workers.Results The recognizing rates of the knowledge about HIV/AIDS occupational exposure and self-protection among urban and rural health workers were no thigh.There were significant differences in self-protection ability and management skills after exposure between urban and rural health wor kers.Conclusion It is urgent to strengthen the training about know ledge of HIV/AIDS occupational exposure and self-protection among health workers.The medical organization must build up the mechanism of supervision and enhance the self-protection awareness of health worker and their post exposure management skills in order to reduce the rate of the occurrence of occupational exposure to HIV infection.