Abstract: Objective To investigate the association between alcohol consumption,body mass index(BMI)and clinical benign prostatic hypeplasia(BPH).Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted,including men who were surgically treated BPH between 2004 and 2006(n=334),56～88 years old;non cases(controls)were men who admitted to the same hospital with different diseases which not related with prostatic conditions.Case and control were taken for 1:1 pair-matching.All subjects were interviewed during their hospital stay,using a structured interviewer-administered question-naire that included information on socio-demographic characteristics,lifest yle habits(smoking,dietary and alcohol consumption,etc.),detailed medical history and family history of BPH in first-degree relatives.Odds ratios(ORs)and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated using conditional Logistic regression models including terms for age,occupation,education,alcohol consumption,BMI and the family history of BPH.Results The proportion with mental labors was higher than men in the case group and had fewer professional activities,significant difference was noticed in the two groups(χ²=4.446,P<0.05).After adjusted for age,BMI,alcohol consumption was inversely related with BPH(31～45 g/d vs.0:OR=0.652,95%CI:0.484～0.878,P<0.05;46～60g/d vs.0:OR=0.533,95%CI:0.307～0.924,P<0.05).Although the relation was attenuated athigh intake(>60 g/d vs.0:OR=0.623195%CI:0.438～0.886,P<0.05).Conclusion It should be noted that in this study a U-shaped association between alcohol consumption and the risk of BPH was found.No trend in risk emerged in relation to the duration of drinking,BMI and BPH.Moderate alcohol consumption may be of benefit to BPH.