Abstract: Objective To investigate the association between transient risk factors in workplace and the occurrence of acute occupational traumatic hand injury.Methods Hospitalized patients with acute traumatic hand injuries were interview ed for exposures to eight transient risk factors in 90 minutes before injury.The exposure to tr ansient risk factors in last work month were also asked.Case-crossover design was used to estimate the contribution of eight transient risk factors to the occurrence of acute work-related hand injury.Results In total,266 patients completed interviews(male 207 cases,female 59 cases).Mean of age was 32.1 years,mean of work experience was 190.5 weeks.77.8% of patients worked for manufacturing industries(female worker 91.5%,male worker 73.9%,(P<0.01).The leading types of injuries were amputation (27.6%)and crash(27.3%).Signifficant associations were found between exposure to transient risk facto rs and occurrence of acute hand injury.The highest IRR were 131.28(95%CI=92.25~186.84)for distraction,the lowest IRR were 4.98 (95%CI=3.11~7.98)for wearing gloves.Conclusion Singnificance of 8 transient factors contributed to occurrence of a-cute hand injury in workplace in Liuzhou.