Abstract: Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of knowledge,attitude and behavior about AIDS among countryside immigrant laborers and explore the prevention and control of AIDS.Methods 408 participants were enrolled in a county in Anhui province and questionnaire investigation was conducted.Results The immigrant laborers obtain the knowledge of AIDS mainly from the resources including video,TV,propagandistic pictures,newspaper,magazine and epidemic preventive staffers.The awareness rate of AIDS/HIV knowledge is 66.3%,the transmitted route and non-transmitted route are about 77.0% and 63.9% respectively,and there are significant differences in the male,female participations and junior high school education participations(P<0.01).And the awareness rate of AIDS/HIV knowledge of the transmitted route and non-transmitted route are significant different among various education degrees(P<0.01).The proportion of the participants considered they were at the risk of infecting AIDS was 21.3%,and 91.2% of them could learn the knowledge of AIDS/HIV voluntarily.There are no significant differences of the coition out of marriage between the male and female participants,but their concepts of coition out of marriage and the proportion of condom using are of significant difference.Conclusion It was necessary to carry out all kinds of health education to enhance the awareness rate of knowledge of AIDS to control the prevalence of AIDS.