Abstract: Objective To study the risk factors,especially focusing on HBV and HCV of primary hepatocellular carcinomain Northeast.Methods Cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC)and vascular disease were sampled in No.1 Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from October,2005 to April,2007.Then a case-control study was carried on serum markers of HBV and HCV and the history of hepatitis,cirrhosis.Results The total infection rate of HBV in hepato cellular carcinoma cases was 68.92% and 7.49% in vascular disease cases.There was a significant diffence(χ²=200.1,P< 0.0001)in total infection of HBV between cases and controls and the odds ratio calculated was 27.4(95%CI:16.0-46.9).The same difference existed in HCV infection.Moreover,the history of hepatitis B and cirrhosis were also found relating to PHC.Conclusion There are several factors relative to PHC,and the main risk factors are HBV and HCV infection.