Abstract: Objective To explore risk factors in the road traffic injury among motor vehicle drivers and to provide scientific evidence for road traffic injury prevention and control.Methods Case-control study was used.Through face to face interview,the information in the questionnaire such as physiology,psychology and behavior situation was collected.Single and multi-factor analysis were conducted using software SPSS 11.5,and the motor vehicle drivers' risk factors for the road traffic injury were screened.Results 170 drivers with accidents and 167 drivers without accidents were interviewed.Through non-condition Logistic multi-factors regression analysis,it was found that,compared with normal situation,the OR (95.0%CI)values of education degree,drinking history,drunk driving history,overloading driving history and accidenthistory were 4.508(1.585±12.819),7.311(3.477±15.370),43.054(14.675±126.314),3.057(1.210±7.726),20.057 (5.974±67.342),respectively.They were all risk factors for the road traffic injury.Conclusion Factors like education at tainment under or equal to junior high school,having drinking history,drunken driving history,overloading driving history and accidenthistory increased the risk of road injury.