Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effect of participatory comprehensive intervention of health education on AIDS prevention in rural residents.Methods Using social-experimental design,questionnaire surveys on AIDS related knowledge and attitudes were conducted in rural residents at home and floating workers in both experimental and control communities before and after the intervention.In target and control groups,2142 and 1006 persons were surveyed before intervention;2225 and 1010 persons were surveyed after the intervention.Data about social-support environment and the target groups' AIDS related behaviors were also collected at same time.Results After intervention,in comprehensive intervention counties,social -support environment was improved obviously.The numbers of the target groups' VCT and hot-line consultation increased from 35 to 128 persons per year and from 88 to 132 persons per year respectively.The awareness rate of AI DS related knowledge raised from 29.45% to 54.18% and the rate of correct attitudes relating to AIDS raised from 42.48% to 57.59%,which were much higher than that of the control group(P<0.001).Conclusion Participatory comprehensive intervention of health education on AIDS prevention is an effective working approach among rural residents.