Abstract: Objective To study the status and relationship between self-management behaviors and health condition in kidney transplantation recipients after hospitalization.Methods with convenient sampling method,kidney transplantation recipients from two hospitals in Guangzhou city were chosen and evaluated on their self-management behaviors and health condition using Self-management Behaviors Measuring Scale and SF-36.Results A total of 203 eligible questionnaires was collected from 230 kidney transplantation recipients and the eligible rate was 88.26%.In the recipients,the time spent in areobic exercise was 117.86±98.29 minutes perweek and the average time spent in streng thorstreng thening exercises was 27.41±47.61 minutes perweek.The average score of cognitive symptom management practice was 1.37±0.84,and that of communication with phy sicians was 1.96±0 93.The incidence rate of postoperative complication was 72.90%.The most common complications after kidney transplantation were infection(32.51%),medicamentous liver lesion(29.10%),hypertension(25.60%),acute rejection(18.72%),and diabetes(5.90%).There were positive correlations between self-management behaviors and total level of quality of life and its subscales(r=0.164-0.853,P<0.05).Conclusion It is necessary for medical staff to provide health education on self-management,behaviors for kidney transplantation recipients after hospitalization to improve their quality of life and to decrease the incidence of postoperative complications.