Abstract: Objective To understand the life quality in peasants with different demographic characteristics in Heilongjiang province.Methods Totally 2 300 peasants were investigated with a self-designed "Questionnaire of Life Quality for Chinese Peasants" to collect the information on life quality of the peasants with different demographic charateristics.Results There were significant differences in standard of living and degree of satisfaction to the spiritual life between the peasants of the Han nationality and other nationalities (3.73±0.62 vs 2.81±0.38 and 3.55±0.57 vs 2.80±0.75,P< 0.01 for all).There were significant differences in spiritual life quality,degree of satisfaction to spiritual life and cultural entertainment between the peasants with and without religious belief (3.75±0.45 vs 3.55±0.46,3.79±0.62 vs 3.50±0.56,3.38±0.71 vs 3.07±0.77; P< 0.05 for all).There was a significant difference in cultural entertainment between the unmarried and married peasants(F=3.392,P< 0.05).There were significant differences in spiritual life quality and cultural entertainment betw een the peasants with junior college or above and other education level(F=4.138,3.435; P< 0.01 for all).There were differences in the general life quality and social life quality betw een in-village and floating peasants(F=3.971,4.350; P< 0.05 for all).There were differences in material life quality and satisfaction to material life between in-village and not-in-village peasants(F=3.404,3.101; P< 0.05 for all).There were significant differences in standard of living,social environment,and social safety between in-village peasants and other peasants(F=5.679,3.061,and 4.727; P< 0.01 for all).Conclusion The general life quality of the peasants in Heilongjiang province is higher and there are differences in the life quality and its dimensions among the peasants with different demographic characteristics.