Abstract: ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors of smoking cessation failure in adult smokers.MethodsTotally 1 012 male smokers(≥25 years old)selected from 5 communities in Mianyang city,Sichuan province were investigated with a questionnaire on smoking behaviors,attitudes of social smoking and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ).The severity of nicotine dependence(ND)was assessed using Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence FTND).ResultsThe age of smokers(t=4.9,P=0.000),extroversion trait(t=-2.850,P=0.005),FTND score(t=-4.962,P=0.000), smoking quit times(t=-4.252,P=0.000),and attitudes and behaviors of social smoking(P<0.05)in successful smoking cessation group were significant different from those of failed smoking cessation group.The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that age(β=-0.131,odds ratioOR=0.877),years of smoking(β=0.086,OR= 1.090),FTND score(β=0.144,OR=1.115),craving of cigarettes(β=-1.906,OR=0.149),black mood during smoking cessation period(β=1.392,OR=3.652),and behaviors of social smoking(β=4.261,OR=70.850)were risk factors for smoking cessation(P<0.05).ConclusionExtroversion trait,severe nicotine dependence,peer influence,and negative emotions may be the risk factors for smoking cessation failure among adult smoders.