Abstract: Objective To investigate nutritional knowledge during puerperium and its influencing factors among puerperal women in both urban and suburb of Guangzhou and to provide basic data for intervention.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was administered among 2 013 women with puerperium history.Results The mean score of nutritional knowledge was 9.30±2.67 and the qualification rate was 66.9%.The mean score of nutritional knowledge of the urban subjects(9.82±2.47) was significantly higher than that of the suburban(8.78±2.75,t=8.893,P < 0.01).The correlation analyses demonstrated that nutritional education received,the times of prenatal examination,and the time of health care lesson during pregnant and puerperium were positively correlated with the scores with the r values of 0.216,0.249,and 0.249,respectively(P < 0.001 for all).Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the influencing factors were husband's education(β=0.696,P < 0.001),nutritional education(β=1.229,P < 0.001),family yearly income(β=0.489,P < 0.001),delivery location(β=-0.213,P=0.006),occupation(β=0.475,P=0.003),and age(β=0.387,P=0.004).Conclusion The women with puerperium history in Guangzhou had insufficient nutritional knowledge.Guidance on nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior should be implemented by taking acceptable measures for pregnant women.