Abstract: Objective To examine the status of knowledge,behavior and attitudes about hepatitis B among rural resi-dents in Jiangxi province,and to provide evidence for hepatitis B prevention and control.Methods A on-site questionnaire investigation was administered to all rural residents ≥18 years old selected with cluster sampling method from areas with high prevalence of hepatitis B in Jiangxi province.Results Among 2 192 residents,the awareness rate of hepatitis B was 44.19% and educational level and age were correlated with the level of basic knowlledge of hepatitis B.Conclusion The awarness tate of hepatitis B in rural residents of Jiangxi province is low.It is important to strengthen education program on hepatitis B control and prevention among the residents.