Abstract: Objective To assess genetic polymorphism of sulfortransferase lAl(SULT1A1) Arg213His and its rela-tionship with the incidence of uterine leiomyoma.Methods Epidemiological questionnaire survey and molecular biology detection were conducted in a hospital-based 1:1 case-control study with 123 uterine leiomyoma patients and 123 healthy female examinees recruited from Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College from August to October 2009.Results There was a significant difference(χ²=9.085,P=0.011) in the SULT1A1 Arg213His polymorphism between uterine leiomyoma patients and control subjects.The frequencies of wildype(G/G),mutant heterozygotes(G/A),and homozygous mutant(A/A) in the two groups were 58.5%,39.0%,2.5% and 76.4%,22.0%,1.6%,respectively.Compared with G/G genotype,the odds ratio of suffering from uterine leiomyoma for the individuals with G/A,A/A,and G/A+A/A genotypes were 2.321(95% confidence intervalCI:1.322,4.074),1.958(95% CI:0.319,12.03),and 2.296(95% CI:1.325,3.978),respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the risk factors of uterine leiomyoma included pelvic inflammation,stressful life event,hypertension,induced abortion,oral contraceptive use,with mother or sister suffering from uterine leiomyoma,vaginitis,cervicitis,and polymorphism of SULT1A1 gene,whereas the delayed menstruation was proved to be a protective factor of the disease.Conclusion The Arg213His genetic polymorphism of SULT1A1 is a risk factor for the incidence of uterine leiomyoma.And it can be controlled by prevention and treatment of gynecological inflammation,hypertension and stressful life events.