Abstract: Objective To investigate the knowledge about human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)prevention and control and its influence factors among the residents in 14 provinces in mid-eastern China.Methods Telephone numbers were chosen with stratified random sampling and telephone survey was used to collect information from the residents aged 15-60 years.A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about general demographic characteristics and the knowledge for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Results Totally 9 569 residents were interviewed.The average awareness rate of HIV/AIDS knowledge of the residents was 82.4%, with different rates of 67%-87.4%among the residents of various provinces.The average awarwness rate of HIV/AIDS policy was 90.8%.The awareness rates of urban, young residents and the residents with high education were higher than those of other groups significantly(P<0.01).Multiple logistic regression showed that low education was a risk factor, with the odds ratios of 0.074, 0.155, and 0.274 for the residents having education of primary, middle, and high school compared to the residents having college or higher education.Living in the provinces other than Heilongiiang and Hunan province was a protective factor.Conclusion Health education on HIV/AIDS prevention and control needs to be promoted based on the characteristics of the populations in mid-eastern China.