Abstract: Objective To explore correlations between 5-hydroxytryptamine serotoin 2A receptor(5-HTR2A) rs6313 single nucleotide polymorphism and unipolar depression and suicidal behavior among adult females.Methods Genome DNA of 198 Han female unipolar depression patients aged 18-60 years (case group) and 200 age-matched female healthy physical examinees (control group) were recruited from a general hospital in Haerbin city and the genome DNA of the participants was abstracted.Snapshot technique was used to detect the genotype frequency and allele frequency of 5-HTR2A rs6313 polymorphism in the case and the control group.SPSS19.0 software was used in statistical analysis.Results The frequencies of C/C, C/T, and T/T genotypes of 5-HTR2A rs6313 were 24.7%(49/198), 47.5%(94/198), and 27.8%(55/198) in the cases and 17.0%(34/200), 59.5%(119/200), and 23.5%(47/200) in the control group, with statistically significant differences between the two groups(χ²=6.263, P=0.044);the frequencies of C and T alleles of 5-HTR2A rs6313 were 48.5%(192/396)and 51.5%(204/396)in the cases and 46.8%(187/400)and 53.2%(213/400) in the controls, without statistically significant differences between the two groups(χ²=0.240, P=0.624).In the case group, there was no statistically significant difference in the frequencies of 5-HTR2A rs6313 C/C, C/T, and T/T genotypes and C, T alleles between the patients with and without suicidal behavior.Conclusion The single nucleotide polymorphism of 5-HTR2A rs6313 gene is significantly correlated with unipolar deoression but may be not related to suicidal behavior in adult females with depression and future study on this issue is needed.