Abstract: Objective To explore the survival time and its related factors among children with human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Fujian province.Methods All children newly identified with HIV/AIDS during the period between January 1,2003 and December 31,2015 were recruited for the study.We collected detailed information on death of the children to calculate the survival time;univariate and multivariate analysis were used to explore the factors related to the survival of the children.Results A total of 67 children with HIV/AIDS due to mother-to-child transmission were reported and 17 of them died,with an all-cause mortality rate of 7.34/100 person years during the 14-year period in Fujian province.The mean survival time for the children with HIV/AIDS was 102 months (95 confidence interval 95%CI=84-120) and the cumulative survival rate at the end of 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th and 10th year after the confirmation of HIV antibody positive were 84%,80%,80%,77%,71%,and 56%,respectively.Cox regression analysis indicated that the death hazard of the children with AIDS was 8.089 (95%CI:1.826-35.841) times higher compared to those with HIV and the death hazard of the children without antiretroviral therapy (ART) was 13.330 (95%CI:3.749-47.396) times higher than the children with ART.Conclusion The number of newly reported children with HIV/AIDS increased slowly year by year in Fujian province,suggesting that HIV antibody test and comprehensive intervention among pregnant women should be strengthened.