Abstract: Objective To study distributive characteristics of pathogenic bacteria causing lower respiratory tract infection in neurology inpatients and to provide evidences for promoting rational drug use.Methods Two third-grade class-A hospitals were selected with convenience sampling in Dalian city of Liaoning province; then 1 600 neurology inpatients with lower respiratory tract infections during hospitalization between January 1st,2014 through December 31st,2015 were selected randomly and their medical records were extracted and analyzed.Results Of the 2 109 strains of pathogenic bacteria totally isolated from the inpatients,1 372 and 624 were gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and 113 were fungi,with 362 (17.16% of all the isolates) Klebsiella pneumoniae strains,302 Staphylococcus aureus (14.32%),and 113 Candida albicans (2.66%),respectively.Drug resistance was performed for 71.85% (217/302) and 78.73% (285/362) of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains; no Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to vancomycin were detected and only 3.16% of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were resistant to meropenem.Conclusion Pathogen surveillance and drug resistance test for isolated pathogens among inpatients may promote rational drug use and nosocomial infection prevention.