Abstract: Following the world wide prevalence of Type I Shigella dysetery,cases of this disease were also found in China,at first in Guangxi,Hunanand Guangdong provinces of South China,and then in the North China. The epidemic areas(except Guangxi and yunan Provinees)were closely related with Jing-Guang Railway and Long-Hai Railway,suggesting traffic trans mission.In the severely affected areas of this new epidemic,the prevalence rate was quite high as compared with Guatemala,EI Salvador and St.Marlin Island of Bengal,but the mortality rate was rather low.