Abstract: If the occurrence of certain agents and their possible doses is human body could be shown by environmental monitoring, then their actual loads in human body could be estimated by human biological monitoring (blood, urine, hair, tissue and organ, etc). Hence the exposure levels of human body to these agents could be evaluated, especially certain materials such as trace elements and organic chlorine compouads. Based on the monitoring of pulmonary trace elements composition, it was preliminarily considered that the results of adult pulmonary monitoring could practically reflect the features of atmospheric inorganic elements is inabited areas.