Progress in researches on delivery and pharmacokinetics of nicotine from electronic cigarette: a review

In recent years, the awareness and popularity of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) have shown increasingly enhancement all over the world. Nicotine levels in e-cigarettes and inhaled aerosol are important factors for e-cigarette products choice of e-cigarette users and cigarette smokers, while nicotine health effects, suitable dosage and alternative role for cigarette are the main concerns of public health officials and regulatory decision-makers. E-cigarette nicotine delivery and pharmacokinetics researches may provide valuable information and evidences for different stakeholders. This review aims to collect mainstream literatures from 2010 to 2016 and summarizes the effects of nicotine concentration, vaping behavior and experience, e-cigarette types, experimental methods on nicotine delivery content, efficiency, rate and in vivo metabolism.