Tobacco smoking and nicotine dependence among Tianjin city dwellers：a population-based cross-sectional study

Objective To explore the prevalence of smoking among residents in Tianjin,as well as nicotine dependence among current smokers,and to offer reference for tobacco control and intervention on smoking cessation.Methods A total of 1 993 residents at age of 18 years and older were selected with multistage systematic sampling in Tianjin.The attitude to tobacco control,nicotine dependence,and tobacco smoking of the residents were assessed with a questionnaire and Fagersorm Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) sruvey face-to-face.Results The total prevalence of smoking was 26.2% among the residents (46.0% for males and 5.0% for females).The young residents had a lower prevalence of smoking than the older.The individuals with lower education had a higher smoking rate.The average FTND score was 3.92±2.72 among all current smokers.Middle-aged smokers' nicotine dependence was more serious,with mean FTND score of 4.41±2.86.The residents with poorly educatoin,starting smoking earlier,without smoking restriction in family or workplace,and having high smoking frequency yielded a higher FTND score.Conclusion The smoking status and nicotine dependence among residents in Tianjin is serious.Quantitative analysis on nicotine dependence among smokers may contribute to taking targeted measures and facilitating health intervention.