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武汉市居民基本医疗素养现状及影响因素分析

Status and influencing factors of basic medical literacy among residents in Wuhan city, 2016

  • 摘要:
    目的 了解武汉市居民基本医疗素养水平及影响因素,有针对性为武汉市居民基本医疗素养的干预策略提供理论依据。
    方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,于2016年10 — 12月对全市13个行政区4 165名15~65岁城乡非集体居住的常住居民进行问卷调查。
    结果 武汉市居民基本医疗素养水平为12.75%,城市居民基本医疗素养水平高于农村(P < 0.05);年龄越大,基本医疗素养水平越低(P < 0.05),15~24岁组居民基本医疗素养得分最高,为(7.80 ± 3.25)分,65~69岁组居民得分最低,为(6.10 ± 2.89)分;随着文化水平的提升,基本医疗素养水平逐步提高(P < 0.05),硕士及以上人群得分最高,为(8.96 ± 2.94)分;不同职业人群基本医疗素养水平差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),医务人员得分最高,为(9.68 ± 2.82)分;家庭月收入 ≥ 5 000元的人群基本医疗素养水平最高,为(7.36 ± 3.02)分,高于其他收入水平人群(P < 0.05);不同性别、民族人群间基本医疗素养水平差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。
    结论 武汉市居民基本医疗素养水平较低,应针对不同城乡、年龄、文化程度、家庭收入、职业等社会特征的人群,加强开展居民科学就医和合理用药能力方面的宣传教育工作,整体提高武汉市居民基本医疗素养水平。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To examine the status and influencing factors of basic medical literacy among residents of Wuhan municipality and to provide theoretical evidences for developing strategies of intervention on basic medical literacy in the residents.
    Methods We carried out a face-to-face questionnaire survey among 4 165 residents at ages of 15 – 69 years selected with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling in urban and rural communities of 13 administrative regions across Wuhan city between October and December 2016.
    Results Of all the residents surveyed, 12.75% reported the awareness of basic medical literacy and the ratio was significantly higher among the residents in urban areas than among those in rural areas (P < 0.05). The level for awareness of basic medical literacy decreased significantly with the increment of age among the residents (P < 0.05), with the highest basic medical literacy score (7.80 ± 3.25) among the residents aged 15 – 24 years and the lowest (6.10 ± 2.89) among those aged 65 – 69 years; whereas, the basic medical literacy level was positively correlated significantly with education achievement in the residents (P < 0.05), with the highest score (8.96 ± 2.94) among the residents having the education of master degree or above. In addition, the basic medical literacy level differed significantly by occupation and monthly family income among the residents (bothP < 0.05); the residents working as medical personnel and with the monthly family income of 5 000 RMB yuan or more had higher basic medical literacy scores (9.68 ± 2.82 and 7.36 ± 3.02) than the residents with other occupation and lower monthly family income others (P < 0.05). No significant between gender and ethnic groups difference in basic medical literacy level were observed in the residents (P > 0.05).
    Conclusion The basic medical literacy is at a low level among adult residents in Wuhan city, suggesting that health education targeted at various populations in the city and specially on seeking medical care and having medication reasonably should be promoted for the improvement of the literacy.

     

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