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中国部分少数民族中小学生视力不良流行特征分析

Prevalence of poor eyesight among some of minority primary and middle school students in China, 2014

  • 摘要:
    目的 了解中国13个省、自治区26个少数民族中小学生近视、远视及其他眼病现状与流行特征。
    方法 利用2014年中国学生体质与健康调研中的80 631名7~18岁少数民族学生视力数据进行分析,针对视力不良者使用串镜判断眼病种类,并采用χ2检验与汉族进行比较。
    结果 2014年中国26个少数民族中小学生眼病检出率为38.55 %,且随着学段的提高不断上升。有34.00 %的学生疑似近视,占视力不良分类的88.20 %,3.30 %的学生疑似远视,1.25 %的学生疑似其他眼病。各学段女生视力不良比例均高于男生,性别间差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 1 005.244,P < 0.01)。小学低年级男生疑似近视率最低,为15.69 %,高中女生疑似近视率最高,为56.23 %;疑似近视、远视、其他眼病及总体检出率最高的民族分别为藏族(62.90 %)、维吾尔族(17.38 %)、哈萨克族(8.07 %)和藏族(62.94 %),较低的民族分别为维吾尔族(1.71 %)、土家族及傣族和藏族(0 %)、朝鲜族(0 %)和水族(14.01 %),民族间差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 7 900.163,P < 0.001)。
    结论 中国26个少数民族中小学生视力水平差异显著且低于汉族,藏族小学生和壮族初、高中学生,尤其是女生应是今后视力防控治理的重点关注人群。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To examine the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia and other eye diseases among minority primary and secondary school students of 26 minorities in 13 province level regions in China.
    Methods We extracted eyesight test data for 80 631 primary and middle school students at ages of 7–18 years from the dataset of Survey on Constitution and Health of Chinese Students conducted across China in 2014. The types of poor eyesight were detected with a group of test lenses. Chi-square test was adopted to assess the difference in eyesight between the minority students and Han students.
    Results Among the minority students, the overall detection rate of poor eyesight was 38.55% and the detection rate increased with the schooling grade. Of the students, 34.00% were detected with suspected myopia, accounting for 88.20% of all the poor visions detected; 3.30% were detected with suspected hyperopia and 1.25% with other suspected poor eyesight. The proportion of girl students with poor eyesight was significantly higher than that of boy students in various schooling grades (χ2 = 1 005.244, P < 0.01). The detection rate of suspected myopia was the lowest (15.69%) among primary boy students of lower grades but the highest (56.23%) among the high school girl students. The detection rate of suspected myopia, hyperopia, other poor eyesight, and all poor eyesight were much higher among the students of Tibetan (62.90%), Uygur (17.38%), Kazak (8.07%), and Tibetans (62.94%) but much lower among the students of Uygur (1.71%), Tujia/Dai/Tibetan (0%), Korean (0%), and Shui (14.01%), respectively, the differences between ethnic groups were statistically significant (χ2 = 7 900.163, P < 0.001).
    Conclusion The visual acuity is significantly lower among the primary and secondary school students of 26 ethnic minorities than among the Han students in China. Tibetan primary school students and Zhuang junior and senior high school students, especially girl student, are key groups for the prevention and control of poor eyesight.

     

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