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2013—2022年北京市哨点医院6～17岁人群食源性腹泻病例特征分析

Foodborne diarrhea cases among the 6–17 year-old population in Beijing sentinel hospitals from 2013 to 2022

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的  通过分析2013—2022年北京市哨点医院6～17岁人群食源性腹泻病例监测数据，为科学开展6～17岁人群食源性腹泻的防控提供参考依据。
    方法  收集2013—2022年北京市36家哨点医院就诊的6～17岁食源性腹泻病例的患病信息，采集粪便样本或肛拭子进行病原学检测，率的比较采用χ2检验，应用多因素logistic回归进行病原感染的影响因素分析。
    结果  2013—2022年北京市哨点医院共报告6～17岁食源性腹泻病例2 128例，男性多于女性（1.95:1），近郊病例数最多，占36.75%（782/2 128），每年7—9月为致病菌检出的高峰时段，诺如病毒的检出大多在冬春两季。logistic回归结果显示，以15～17岁年龄组作为参照，12～14岁年龄组（OR=0.512，95%CI=0.326～0.804）感染致病菌的风险较低，以远郊作为参照，城区（OR=1.447，95%CI=1.029～2.034）和近郊（OR=1.543，95%CI=1.119～2.129）感染致病菌的风险高，夏季（OR=7.674，95%CI=3.688～15.968）为感染致病菌风险最高的季节，近郊（OR=3.348，95%CI=1.690～6.634）为诺如病毒检出风险最高的地区。出现发热（OR=1.806，95%CI=1.358～2.403）和腹泻≥10次/24 h（OR=1.832，95%CI=1.300～2.581）的病例感染致病菌的风险更高。出现腹痛（OR=2.109，95%CI=1.146～3.881）和脱水（OR=2.327，95%CI=1.146～3.881）的病例检出诺如病毒的风险更高。
    结论  2013—2022年北京市6～17岁人群食源性腹泻病例以男性为主，郊区为重点防控地区，可结合不同病原感染病例的流行病学及临床特征，为食品安全健康宣教和临床诊断提供依据。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To provide a reference for the scientific prevention and control of foodborne diarrhea among the 6–17 year-old population by analyzing the surveillance data of foodborne diarrhea cases in this age group from sentinel hospitals in Beijing from 2013 to 2022.
    Methods The clinical information of foodborne diarrhea cases aged 6–17 years who visited 36 sentinel hospitals in Beijing from 2013 to 2022 was collected, and stool samples or anal swabs were collected for pathogen detection. The χ2 test was used for rate comparisons, and multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of pathogen infection.
    Results From 2013 to 2022, a total of 2 128 foodborne diarrhea cases aged 6–17 years were reported by Beijing sentinel hospitals, with males outnumbering females (1.95:1). The number of cases was highest in the outer suburbs, accounting for 36.75% (782/2 128). The peak period for pathogen detection was from July to September each year, while norovirus was mostly detected in winter and spring. Logistic regression results showed that compared with the 15–17 year-old group, the 12–14 year-old group (OR=0.512, 95%CI: 0.326–0.804) had a lower risk of pathogen infection. Compared with the outer suburbs, the risk of pathogen infection was higher in urban areas (OR=1.447, 95%CI: 1.029–2.034) and inner suburbs (OR=1.543, 95%CI: 1.119–2.129). Summer (OR=7.674, 95%CI: 3.688–15.968) was the season with the highest risk of pathogen infection, and the inner suburbs (OR=3.348, 95%CI: 1.690–6.634) had the highest risk of norovirus detection. Cases with fever (OR=1.806, 95%CI: 1.358–2.403) and diarrhea ≥10 times/24 h (OR=1.832, 95%CI: 1.300–2.581) had a higher risk of pathogen infection. Cases with abdominal pain (OR=2.109, 95%CI: 1.146–3.881) and dehydration (OR=2.327, 95%CI: 1.146–3.881) had a higher risk of norovirus detection.
    Conclusion From 2013 to 2022, foodborne diarrhea cases among the 6–17 year-old population in Beijing were predominantly male, with suburban areas being the key regions for prevention and control. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cases infected with different pathogens can be used to provide a basis for food safety and health education and clinical diagnosis.

     

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