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北京市中小学生健康相关行为现状及与家庭同住人关系

Current status of health-related behaviors and their relationship with family cohabitants among primary and secondary school students in Beijing: a cross-sectional survey

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的  研究北京市中小学生家庭结构现状及与健康相关行为的关系，为促进中小学生健康相关行为提供依据。
    方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法，于2022年9月 — 2023年2月抽取北京市16个区共计26 403名小学、初中、高中、职业高中学生进行问卷调查。运用χ2检验及多因素logistic回归分析中小学生健康相关行为与同住人的相关性。
    结果 北京市中小学生每天饮用 ≥ 1次含糖饮料率为7.5%（1 955/26 403）；每天摄入 ≥ 3种蔬菜率为44.2%（11 614/26 403）；白天户外活动 ≥ 2 h率为35.0%（8 838/26 403）；每天使用移动电子设备 ≥ 2 h率为42.0%（8 547/26 403）。中学生中的抑郁倾向率为17.9%（3 130/17 486）。与父母同住是每天饮用 ≥ 1次含糖饮料的保护因素（OR = 0.80），而与祖辈同住是危险因素（OR = 1.26）。与父母同住是每天蔬菜摄入 < 3种（OR = 0.76）及抑郁倾向（OR = 0.70）的保护因素。与祖辈（OR = 0.93）和兄弟姐妹同住（OR = 0.89）是每日户外活动时间 < 2 h的保护因素。与父母同住是每天 ≥ 2 h移动电子产品使用率（OR = 0.72）的保护因素，而与祖辈（OR = 1.16）和兄弟姐妹同住（OR = 1.12）是危险因素。
    结论 与父母同住是影响健康行为的最重要的因素，与大部分的健康相关行为均相关且与父母同住均呈正向作用。与祖父母及兄弟姐妹同住，可能会增加使用电子产品的风险，但同时也增加了户外活动的时间。在健康教育中，应根据同住人的不同特点，采取有针对性的干预。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate the current status of family structure and its relationship with health-related behaviors among primary and secondary school students in Beijing, and to provide a basis for promoting health-related behaviors among these students.
    Methods Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 26 403 primary school, junior high school, senior high school, and vocational high school students from 16 districts in Beijing from September 2022 to February 2023. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between health-related behaviors and cohabitants among primary and secondary school students.
    Results The rate of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages ≥ 1 time per day was 7.5% (1 955/26 403) among primary and secondary school students in Beijing; the rate of consuming ≥ 3 kinds of vegetables per day was 44.2% (11 614/26 403); the rate of outdoor activities ≥ 2 hours during the day was 35.0% (8 838/26 403); and the rate of using mobile electronic devices ≥ 2 hours per day was 42.0% (8 547/26 403). The rate of depressive tendency among middle school students was 17.9% (3 130/17 486). Living with parents was a protective factor for consuming sugar-sweetened beverages ≥ 1 time per day (OR = 0.80), while living with grandparents was a risk factor (OR = 1.26). Living with parents was a protective factor for consuming < 3 kinds of vegetables per day (OR = 0.76) and depressive tendency (OR = 0.70). Living with grandparents (OR = 0.93) and siblings (OR = 0.89) were protective factors for < 2 hours of outdoor activity time per day. Living with parents was a protective factor for the rate of using mobile electronic products ≥ 2 hours per day (OR = 0.72), while living with grandparents (OR = 1.16) and siblings (OR = 1.12) were risk factors.
    Conclusion Living with parents is the most important factor affecting health behaviors, and it is associated with most health-related behaviors and has a positive effect on living with parents. Living with grandparents and siblings may increase the risk of using electronic products, but it also increases outdoor activity time. In health education, interventions should be focused according to the different characteristics of cohabitants.

     

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