Abstract: Health poverty, as a critical component of multidimensional poverty, plays a key role in the successful identification for the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation and health poverty alleviation policies by the state. This study aims to summarize and critique the existing literature on the definitions and logical deductions of the health poverty concept, refer to domestic and international multidimensional health poverty indices, and based on the current state of poverty in China, construct a poverty function model using the sustainable livelihood framework and Grossman′s health demand theory. In addition, the study outlines a multidimensional health poverty wheel applicable to Chinese residents. The research shows that China′s current poverty problems have evolved, and the "poverty-disease" vicious cycle is a central element hindering health poverty and poverty management in China. Therefore, accurately identifying the health-impoverished population and empirically measuring multidimensional health poverty are among the key elements in advancing the work of poverty alleviation and reduction.