Objective To investigate the situation and influencing factors of recall colposcopy attendance among women with positive cervical cancer screening results in Ordos city, in order to provide a reference for improving colposcopy recall compliance.

Methods From a cervical cancer screening program conducted at maternal and child health hospitals in different banners (districts) of Ordos city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region between January 2016 and December 2020, we extracted the data of 4 094 women (aged 35 – 64 years) who tested positive in the first detection. Data on the urbanization rate and gross domestic product (GDP) of the banners (districts) were also collected simultaneously. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to analyze the main factors influencing women′s attendance at for colposcopy recall.

Results Of the 4 094 women who were recalled, 2 724 (67.0%) actually underwent the recall colposcopy. Of the 2 742 women who had a recall colposcopy, 2 681 (97.8%) had the recall examination at the original screening facilities and only 61 (2.2%) had the recall re-examination or colposcopy at other medical facilities. The multilevel logistic regression analysis showed that women aged 55 to 64 years, with an education of junior high school and above, with abnormal vaginal discharge, and with a history of cervical cancer screening were more likely to have the recall colposcopy; whereas, the women from banners with urbanization rate of more than 80% and GDP between 11 and 27 billion yuan RMB were less likely to have the recall colposcopy, in addition, those from regions with urbanization rate of 70% to 80% and GDP of 11 to 27 billion yuan and above were more likely to have the re-examination or colposcopy at medical facilities other than the original screening facilities.

Conclusion Among women with positive cervical cancer screening results in Ordos city, the recall colposcopy rate is low and is mainly influenced by individual factors such as age, education, abnormal vaginal discharge, and history of cervical cancer screening, as well as the urbanization rate and GDP of residential areas.