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南京市老年慢性病患者流感、肺炎链球菌肺炎、带状疱疹疾病及疫苗KAP调查

KAP of influenza, streptococcal pneumonia, and herpes zoster among community-dwelling older adults with chronic diseases in Nanjing city: a cross-sectional survey

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 了解江苏省南京市 ≥ 60岁老年慢性病患者（高血压或2型糖尿病）流感、肺炎链球菌肺炎、带状疱疹疾病及疫苗相关知识、态度、行为（知信行）情况，为更好地开展社区老年慢性病患者健康管理服务提供依据。
    方法 于2023年2 — 3月选取接受社区基本公共卫生服务的 ≥ 60岁慢性病患者作为研究对象，采用自行设计的调查问卷进行现场调查，采用χ2检验、单因素方差进行统计学分析。
    结果 共回收有效问卷6790份，有效率96%。χ2检验结果显示，老年慢性病人群知识整体知晓率不高（33.3%，2260/6790），60～70岁、高学历人群知晓率更高（P < 0.05），趋势χ2检验显示文化程度与知晓率之间存在线性关系（P < 0.05）。单因素方差分析结果显示，女性、 ≥ 80岁、参保人群对疾病更担心，高学历人群对疫苗/接种疫苗认同度更高（P < 0.05），只有7%的老年慢性病患者不同意“很担心疫苗的副作用”，58.3%的老年慢性病患者更容易接受医生建议接种疫苗。不同文化程度、参保状态人群行为得分之间差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05），高学历、参保人群行为得分更高，只有22.9%的老年慢性病患者自费接种过疫苗。
    结论  南京市老年慢性病人群的流感、肺炎链球菌肺炎、带状疱疹及疫苗的“知信行”水平较低。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to influenza, streptococcal pneumonia, herpes zoster and their vaccines among community residents aged 60 years and older with hypertension or type 2 diabetes in Nanjing city, Jiangsu province, to provide a basis for better community health management services.
    Methods The study population consisted of 7 074 residents aged 60 years and older with hypertension or type 2 diabetes who were recruited through random cluster sampling from 32 community health centers in three districts of Nanjing city, Jiangsu province. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with participants using a self-developed questionnaire in February – March 2023. Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis.
    Results Of the 6 790 (96% of all residents surveyed) participants with valid responses, only 2 260 (33.3%) had adequate knowledge (correctly answering 8 out of 12 questions about the three diseases), and χ2 test results showed that participants aged 60 – 70 years and those with higher levels of education had significantly higher knowledge (both P < 0.05). Trend χ2 test showed that there was a linear correlation between education and knowledge level (P < 0.05). One-way ANOVA results showed that participants who were female, aged 80 years and above, and had basic medical insurance were more concerned about the three diseases, while those with higher education level had higher acceptance of vaccines/vaccination against the three diseases (P < 0.05). Only 7% of the participants disagreed with the statement "very concerned about side effects of the vaccines" and 58.3% were more likely to accept vaccination recommendations from doctors. There were significant differences in behavioral prevention scores for the three diseases among participants with different levels of education and health insurance status (P < 0.05), with higher behavioral scores among participants with higher education or basic health insurance. Only 22.9% of participants reported that they had received out-of-pocket vaccinations for the three diseases.
    Conclusion The KAP related to influenza, streptococcal pneumonia, herpes zoster and their vaccines were at a low level among community-dwelling older adults with hypertension of type 2 diabetes in Nanjing city.

     

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