Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of comorbid chronic diseases among adult rural residents in the border areas of Jilin province, and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of chronic diseases among local residents.

Methods Using convenience sampling and a self-developed questionnaire, a face-to-face survey was conducted from March to April 2023 among 1 200 permanent rural residents aged 18 and older in three border townships in the Yanbian area of Jilin province. A multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the main factors influencing comorbid chronic diseases among adult rural residents in the areas.

Results Of the 1 141 respondents finally included in the analysis, 400 (35.1%) reported having comorbid chronic conditions. The results of multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that being an ethnic minority, being married/divorced/widowed, and being poor were risk factors for having comorbid chronic diseases among adult rural residents, whereas having an education of high school/secondary school and above, having an annual household income of ≥15 000 Chinese yuan per capita, and doing more than 60 minutes of physical activity per week were protective factors against having comorbid chronic diseases among adult rural residents.

Conclusion Among adult rural residents in the border areas of Jilin province, the prevalence of comorbid chronic diseases is relatively high and is mainly influenced by ethnicity, education level, marital status, annual household income per capita, time spent in physical activity, and poverty status.