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中国华南地区35~75岁居民4种健康生活方式遵循情况及其影响因素分析

Adherence to four healthy lifestyle factors and their influencing factors among residents aged 35 – 75 in South China: a cross-sectional survey

  • 摘要:
    目的  了解中国华南地区35~75岁居民4种健康生活方式遵循状况及其影响因素,为促进该地区居民健康生活方式提供参考依据。
    方法 采用典型抽样方法于2015年9月 — 2022年11月在中国华南地区抽取广东省、广西壮族自治区和海南省共289937名35~75岁常住居民进行问卷调查,分析不吸烟、不饮酒或适量饮酒、充足的身体活动和健康饮食4种健康生活方式的遵循情况,并应用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析其影响因素。
    结果 中国华南地区最终纳入分析的80385名35~75岁居民中,不吸烟、不饮酒或适量饮酒、充足的身体活动、健康饮食和全部4种健康生活方式的遵循人数分别为667657857623807183916707人,遵循率分别为83.1%、97.7%、29.6%、22.9%和8.3%,标化遵循率分别为77.95%、97.26%、27.66%、23.42%和7.31%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、年龄70~75岁、大专及以上文化程度、在婚和有心肌梗死/冠脉血运重建/脑卒中病史的华南地区35~75岁居民更易遵循不吸烟的健康生活方式,年龄40~59岁、初中文化程度、农民、居住在农村、家庭年均收入1000050000元和有高血压/糖尿病病史的华南地区35~75岁居民更不易遵循不吸烟的健康生活方式;女性、年龄70~75岁、在婚的华南地区35~75岁居民更易遵循不饮酒或适量饮酒的健康生活方式,年龄50~59岁、农民和居住在农村的华南地区35~75岁居民更不易遵循不饮酒或适量饮酒的健康生活方式;女性、年龄50~75岁、高中及以上文化程度、家庭年均收入 > 50000元、有高血压/糖尿病病史和有心肌梗死/冠脉血运重建/脑卒中病史的华南地区35~75岁居民更易遵循充足身体活动的健康生活方式,年龄40~49岁、初中文化程度、农民、居住在农村和家庭年均收入1000050000元的华南地区35~75岁居民更不易遵循充足身体活动的健康生活方式;女性、年龄50~75岁、高中及以上文化程度和家庭年均收入 > 50000元的华南地区35~75岁居民更易遵循健康饮食的健康生活方式,初中文化程度、农民、居住在农村和有社会医疗保险的华南地区35~75岁居民更不易遵循健康饮食的健康生活方式;女性、年龄50~75岁、高中及以上文化程度、家庭年均收入 > 50000元和有心肌梗死/冠脉血运重建/脑卒中病史的华南地区35~75岁居民更易遵循全部4种健康生活方式,年龄40~49岁、初中文化程度、农民、居住在农村和家庭年均收入1000050000元的华南地区35~75岁居民更不易遵循全部4种健康生活方式。
    结论 中国华南地区35~75岁居民不吸烟、不饮酒或适量饮酒、充足的身体活动和健康饮食4种健康生活方式的遵循率均较低,性别、职业、居住地和有无心肌梗死/冠脉血运重建/脑卒中病史为当地居民4种健康生活方式遵循情况的共同影响因素。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate the adherence to four healthy lifestyle factors among residents aged 35 – 75 years in South China and to identify the influencing factors, providing a reference for promoting healthy lifestyles in this region.
    Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2015 to November 2022 using a typical sampling method in South China. A total of 289 937 residents aged 35 – 75 years from Guangdong province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and Hainan province were included. The adherence to four healthy lifestyle factors, namely non-smoking, no or moderate alcohol consumption, adequate physical activity, and a healthy diet, was analyzed. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were used to identify the influencing factors.
    Results Among the 80,385 residents aged 35 – 75 years included in the final analysis, the number of participants adhering to non-smoking, no or moderate alcohol consumption, adequate physical activity, a healthy diet, and all four healthy lifestyle factors were 66 765, 78 576, 23 807, 18 391, and 6 707, respectively. The corresponding adherence rates were 83.1%, 97.7%, 29.6%, 22.9%, and 8.3%, and the standardized adherence rates were 77.95%, 97.26%, 27.66%, 23.42%, and 7.31%, respectively. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that female residents, those aged 70 – 75 years, those with a college degree or higher, those who were married, and those with a history of myocardial infarction/coronary revascularization/stroke were more likely to adhere to non-smoking. Residents aged 40 – 59 years, those with a junior high school education, farmers, rural residents, those with an annual household income of 10 000 – 50 000 yuan, and those with a history of hypertension/diabetes were less likely to adhere to non-smoking. Female residents, those aged 70 – 75 years, and those who were married were more likely to adhere to no or moderate alcohol consumption. Residents aged 50 – 59 years, farmers, and rural residents were less likely to adhere to no or moderate alcohol consumption. Female residents, those aged 50 – 75 years, those with a high school education or higher, those with an annual household income of > 50 000 yuan, and those with a history of hypertension/diabetes or myocardial infarction/coronary revascularization/stroke were more likely to adhere to adequate physical activity. Residents aged 40 – 49 years, those with a junior high school education, farmers, rural residents, and those with an annual household income of 10 000 – 50 000 yuan were less likely to adhere to adequate physical activity. Female residents, those aged 50 – 75 years, those with a high school education or higher, and those with an annual household income of > 50 000 yuan were more likely to adhere to a healthy diet. Residents with a junior high school education, farmers, rural residents, and those with social medical insurance were less likely to adhere to a healthy diet. Female residents, those aged 50 – 75 years, those with a high school education or higher, those with an annual household income of > 50 000 yuan, and those with a history of myocardial infarction/coronary revascularization/stroke were more likely to adhere to all four healthy lifestyle factors. Residents aged 40 – 49 years, those with a junior high school education, farmers, rural residents, and those with an annual household income of 10 000 – 50 000 yuan were less likely to adhere to all four healthy lifestyle factors.
    Conclusions The adherence rates to non-smoking, no or moderate alcohol consumption, adequate physical activity, and a healthy diet were low among residents aged 35 – 75 years in South China. Gender, occupation, residence, and history of myocardial infarction/coronary revascularization/stroke were common influencing factors for adherence to the four healthy lifestyle factors.

     

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