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2021年辽宁省城市与农村居民癌症早诊早治素养水平及影响因素分析

Comparison of cancer early diagnosis and treatment literacy levels and influencing factors among urban and rural residents in Liaoning province in 2021: an online survey

  • 摘要:
    目的 分析比较辽宁省城乡居民癌症早诊早治素养水平差异,为提高居民癌症认知素养提供依据。
    方法 于2021年8 — 11月采用网络方便抽样方法,对辽宁省14个市15~69岁17 474名居民进行癌症早诊早治的意义、癌症警示信号的识别、癌症早期发现和及时就医等问卷调查,采用χ2检验、多因素logistic回归分析比较不同组人群早诊早治素养水平差异和影响因素。
    结果 2021年辽宁省居民癌症早诊早治素养总体水平为35.61%(95%CI = 33.87%~37.36%),城市为41.36%(95%CI = 39.39%~43.32%),高于农村的23.67%(95%CI = 20.37%~26.99%)。在不同维度中,居民对早诊早治意义(67.19%,95%CI = 65.09%~69.28%)和及时就医的素养水平(64.56%,95%CI = 62.43%~66.69%)相对较高,癌症警示信号识别(25.98%,95%CI = 24.24%~27.73%)和癌症早期发现的素养水平(31.18%,95%CI = 29.52%~32.84%)相对较低。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,城市居民中,女性、35~54岁、文化程度大专及以上、家庭年均人收入 ≥ 16 666.6元、有肿瘤家族史或筛查史者,更易具备癌症早诊早治素养(均P < 0.05),从事第一产业、曾吸烟或现吸烟者不易具备早诊早治素养(均P < 0.05);农村居民中,女性、35~54岁、文化程度初中及以上、家庭年均人收入 ≥ 10 000元者,更易具备癌症早诊早治素养(均P < 0.01),未就业或退休者、曾吸烟或现吸烟者更不易具备癌症早诊早治素养(均P < 0.05)。
    结论 辽宁省城乡居民癌症早诊早治素养水平差异明显,今后可借助癌症筛查项目,对重点地区的重点人群开展精准干预和健康宣传。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To analyze and compare the differences in cancer early diagnosis and treatment literacy levels between urban and rural residents in Liaoning province, China, and to provide a basis for improving residents’ cancer awareness and literacy.
    Methods In 2021, a convenient online sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the significance of early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, recognition of cancer warning signs, early detection of cancer, and timely medical treatment among 17 474 residents aged 15 – 69 years old in 14 cities of Liaoning province. The χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to compare the differences and influencing factors of early diagnosis and treatment literacy levels among different groups.
    Results In 2021, the overall level of cancer early diagnosis and treatment literacy among residents in Liaoning province was 35.61% (95%CI: 33.87% – 37.36%), with 41.36% (95%CI: 39.39% – 43.32%) in urban areas, higher than 23.67% (95%CI: 20.37% – 26.99%) in rural areas. Among different dimensions, residents' literacy levels on the significance of early diagnosis and treatment (67.19%, 95%CI: 65.09% – 69.28%) and timely medical treatment (64.56%, 95%CI: 62.43% – 66.69%) were relatively high, while the literacy levels on recognition of cancer warning signs (25.98%, 95%CI: 24.24% – 27.73%) and early detection of cancer (31.18%, 95%CI: 29.52% – 32.84%) were relatively low. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that among urban residents, females, those aged 35 – 54 years old, those with a college education or above, those with an annual per capita household income of ≥ 16 666.6 yuan, and those with a family history of cancer or cancer screening history were more likely to have cancer early diagnosis and treatment literacy (all P < 0.05), while those engaged in the primary industry and current or former smokers were less likely to have early diagnosis and treatment literacy (all P < 0.05). Among rural residents, females, those aged 35 – 54 years old, those with a middle school education or above, and those with an annual per capita household income of ≥ 10 000 yuan were more likely to have cancer early diagnosis and treatment literacy (all P < 0.01), while those who were unemployed or retired and current or former smokers were less likely to have early diagnosis and treatment literacy (all P < 0.05).
    Conclusion There are significant differences in cancer early diagnosis and treatment literacy levels between urban and rural residents in Liaoning province, China. In the future, cancer screening programs can be used to carry out targeted interventions and health education for key populations in key areas.

     

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