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基于MAPR模型构建分期个体化移动戒烟干预理论框架

Development of a theoretical framework based on the MAPR model for stage-based, individualized mobile smoking cessation interventions through systematic literature review and expert consultation

  • 摘要:
    目的 构建用于指导戒烟应用程序(APPs)设计的分期个体化移动戒烟干预理论框架。
    方法 于2023年12月 — 2024年1月针对戒烟APPs进行系统文献回顾,通过文献研究对现有戒烟APPs应用的经典行为改变理论进行改编,建立MAPR模型,以该模型为基础构建适用于移动戒烟干预的分期个体化移动戒烟干预理论框架,由2名专家使用该框架对2个戒烟APPs的功能模块进行干预策略分类,计算分类的一致性比例,评估框架的可靠性。
    结果 构建的理论框架分为3层。第1层包括5个核心干预要素:动机(motivation)、能力(ability)、提示(prompt)、反馈(reflect)与奖赏(reward);第2层定义了吸烟者经历的5个戒烟阶段:思考期、准备期、行动期、维持期和复吸期;第3层包括可引发戒烟行为改变的9个干预策略:共情、教育、培训、激励、环境重建、树立榜样、提醒、反馈、资源与工具,他们在5个戒烟阶段中可穿插使用。该框架对2个戒烟APPs功能模块的干预策略分类一致性比例分别为88%和90%。
    结论 本研究构建的分期个体化移动戒烟干预框架为开发专业的戒烟APPs提供了一个简明扼要的科学理论框架。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To develop a theoretical framework for stage-based, individualized mobile smoking cessation interventions to guide the design of smoking cessation applications (APPs).
    Methods A systematic literature review of studies of smoking cessation APPs was conducted from December 2023 to January 2024. Classic behavior change theories applied in existing smoking cessation APPs were adapted through literature review and expert consultation to establish a motivation-ability-prompt-reflect/reward (MAPR) model. Based on the established MAPR model, theoretical framework for a stage-based, individualized mobile smoking cessation interventions was constructed. Using the constructed theoretical framework, two experts classified intervention strategies within the functional modules of two smoking cessation APPs, and a consistency ratio was calculated to assess the reliability of the framework.
    Results The theoretical framework constructed is divided into three layers. The first layer includes five core intervention elements: motivation, capability, prompting, reflection, and reward. The second layer defines five stages of cessation experienced by smokers: contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and relapse. The third layer consists of nine intervention strategies that can induce behavioral change in smoking cessation: empathy, education, training, incentives, environmental restructuring, modeling, reminders, feedback, and resources and tools that can be used interchangeably across the five stages of smoking cessation. The agreement rates of the intervention strategy classification for two smoking cessation APPs were 88% and 90%, respectively.
    Conclusion The stage-based, individualized mobile smoking cessation intervention framework developed in this study provides a concise theoretical framework for the development of professional smoking cessation APPs.

     

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