Abstract: Health behavior is not only the cornerstone of the physical and mental development of adolescents, but also the key to shaping the character and happiness of future life. This study employed literature review, content analysis, and logical analysis to examine authoritative research results on adolescent health behaviors in China and abroad, reviewing the literature on adolescent health behaviors, including concept classifications, theories, research methods, tools, and research content dimensions, to provide a basis for domestic research and practice, and to improve adolescent health behavior levels to leverage its leading role in health. The study found that the concept of adolescent health behavior is often used confusingly and lacks uniform classification. The application of health behavior theories in adolescent behavior research in China is relatively scarce. Research methods on adolescent health behaviors are primarily quantitative and cross-sectional, with research tools mainly relying on self-reported questionnaires. There is currently no unified standard for the specific content categories of adolescent health behaviors.