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基于支付意愿法中国统计生命价值系统评价

Willingness-to-pay-based estimates of the value of statistical life in China: a systematic review

  • 摘要:
    目的 基于支付意愿法系统评价中国统计生命价值(VSL),比较不同领域和不同估计方法VSL估计值的差异,为今后的政策制定提供更准确的生命价值评估依据。
    方法 检索中国知网数据库、维普中文数据库、PubMed数据库、Embase数据库、Web of Science数据库和MEDLINE数据库,并辅以文献追溯法收集各数据库建库至2024年4月1日公开发表的关于中国基于支付意愿法进行VSL实证研究的相关文献,从研究领域和研究方法等角度对纳入文献的VSL估计值进行系统评价。
    结果 本研究共纳入28篇文献进行系统综述,其中空气污染领域11篇、交通安全领域9篇、职业安全领域5篇、健康领域2篇、混合领域1篇,采用陈述偏好方法研究26篇、显示偏好方法研究2篇;我国总体研究的VSL中位数估计值为196.22万元,其中空气污染领域、交通安全领域、职业安全领域和健康领域的VSL中位数估计值分别为168.90万元、98.57万元、499.60万元和403.30万元,陈述偏好方法研究和显示偏好方法研究的VSL中位数估计值分别为182.56万元和155.30万元;空气污染领域支付意愿的主要影响因素为收入水平、教育程度、年龄、家庭规模和自我认知的身体健康状况,交通安全领域支付意愿的主要影响因素为收入水平、教育程度、年龄和认知风险程度,职业安全领域支付意愿的主要影响因素为收入水平、教育程度、年龄、认知风险程度、性别和婚姻状况,健康领域支付意愿的主要影响因素为收入水平、教育程度、年龄和风险变动。
    结论 VSL估计值因研究领域和研究方法的不同存在一定差异,各领域VSL估计的共同影响因素主要为收入水平、教育程度、年龄和认知风险。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To conduct a systematic review of willingness-to-pay (WTP)-based estimates of the value of statistical life (VSL) reported by studies in China, and to compare VSLs associated with different hazards and estimation methods in order to provide more accurate estimates of VSL for future policy decisions.
    Methods Empirical studies in China on WTP-based VSL estimates published through April 1, 2024 were collected by searching the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Chinese Database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and MEDLINEand supplemented by a literature review method.The VSL estimates reported in the studies were systematically evaluated in terms of research scope and methods.
    Results Of the 28 studies reviewed, 11 were on VSLs related to air pollution, 9 to traffic safety, 5 to occupational safety, 2 to health conditions, and 1 to a combined circumstance, with 26 studies using stated preference surveys and 2 using revealed preference surveys. The median VSL estimate (in million of Chinese yuan) for all reviewed studies was 1.962 2, with VSL estimates of 1.689 0 for air pollution, 0.985 7 for traffic safety, 4.996 0 for occupational safety, and 4.033 0 for health conditions and combined circumstances; the median VSL estimates for studies using stated and revealed preference surveys were 1.825 6 and 1.553 0, respectively. The main factors influencing WTP were income, education, age, household size, and perceived health status for studies related to air pollution; income, education, age, and perceived risk for studies related to traffic safety; income, education, age, perceived risk, gender, and marital status for studies related to occupational safety; and income, education, age, and risk variation for studies related to health conditions.
    Conclusions VSL estimates from studies in China show some variation due to differences in research scope and methodology. The common factors influencing VSL estimates across studies are primarily income, education, age, and perceived risk.

     

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