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南京市蜱种群特征及分子生物学鉴定分析

Characterization and molecular biological identification of tick species in Nanjing city

  • 摘要:
    目的 调查分析南京市蜱种群生境、宿主分布特征,为蜱及其传染性疾病的防控提供依据。
    方法 2023年4 — 9月在南京市采用布旗法和动物体表检蜱法收集游离蜱和寄生蜱,采用形态学分类法和基于16S rRNA基因的分子生物学鉴定法进行分类。
    结果 共捕获1 523只蜱,其中长角血蜱(H.longicornis)993只,占65.20%,褐黄血蜱( H.flava)529只,占34.73%,雉鸡血蜱(H.phasiana)1只,占0.07%。不同生境中的游离蜱,在郊野公园采获最多(50只),其次是农村自然村周边(47只)和荒坡草地(33只),再次是林地(2只)。不同寄生宿主中的寄生蜱,在羊、犬和刺猬身上采集到蜱,分别占寄生蜱总数的55.79%(776/1391)、9.35%( 130/1391)和34.87%(485/1391 )。同源分析显示同一蜱种均来源于同一进化分支。
    结论 南京市蜱分布为长角血蜱(H.longicornis)、褐黄血蜱(H.flava)和雉鸡血蜱(H.phasiana)3种,长角血蜱(H.longicornis)为优势种,雉鸡血蜱(H.phasiana)为新监测蜱种,不同生境和动物宿主的蜱构成情况不同,各蜱种未发生明显遗传变异。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate and analyze the habitat and host distribution characteristics of tick species in Nanjing city to provide a basis for the prevention and control of ticks and tick-borne diseases.
    Methods From April to September 2023, free-living and parasitic ticks were collected in Nanjing city by drag-flag method and body surface examination, respectively. The ticks were identified by morphological classification and molecular biological identification based on 16S rRNA gene.
    Results A total of 1 523 ticks were collected, including 993 Haemaphysalis longicornis (65.20% of all ticks collected), 529 Haemaphysalis flava (34.73%), and one Haemaphysalis phasiana (0.07%). The highest number of free-living ticks in different habitats was collected in suburban parks (50), followed by those around rural natural villages (47) and barren grasslands (33), and then in forest areas (2). Parasitic ticks were collected from goats, dogs, and hedgehogs, which accounted for 55.79% (776 ticks), 9.35% (130), and 34.87% (485) of the 1 391 parasitic ticks collected, respectively. Homology analysis showed that individuals of the same tick species originated from the same evolutionary branch.
    Conclusions Three tick species, H. longicornis, H. flava, and H. phasiana, were identified in Nanjing city. Haemaphysalis longicornis was the dominant species, and H. phasiana was identified as a newly monitored tick species in the region. Tick species composition varied among habitats and animal hosts. No significant genetic variation within tick species was observed.

     

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