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中国成年居民从医疗机构获取健康生活方式建议情况分析

Analysis of Chinese adult residents receiving healthy lifestyle advice from medical institutions

  • 摘要:
    目的 了解中国成年居民从医疗机构获取健康生活方式建议情况,为促进我国健康生活方式的普及工作提供循证依据。
    方法 收集2018年中国居民慢性病及危险因素监测项目31个省(自治区、直辖市)298个监测点中人口学特征和从医疗机构获取健康生活方式建议信息完整的170208名 ≥ 18岁居民的相关数据,分析其从医疗机构获取不吸烟、减盐、充足果蔬、减脂、充足运动和健康体重6种健康生活方式建议情况。
    结果 中国成年居民中,有35.8%从医疗机构获取过不吸烟建议,50.3%获取过减盐建议,53.9%获取过充足果蔬建议,51.1%获取过减脂建议,53.0%获取过充足运动建议,46.8%获取过健康体重建议;中国不同特征成年居民比较,不同年龄、高血压患病情况、糖尿病患病情况和动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)风险成年居民从医疗机构获取6种健康生活方式建议情况均不同(均P < 0.001),不同性别居民从医疗机构获取不吸烟、减脂、充足运动和健康体重建议情况均不同(均P < 0.05),不同文化程度居民从医疗机构获取不吸烟、充足果蔬、减脂、充足运动和健康体重建议情况均不同(均P < 0.01),不同家庭人均年收入居民从医疗机构获取减盐、充足果蔬、减脂、充足运动和健康体重建议情况均不同(均P < 0.05),不同居住地居民从医疗机构获取充足果蔬、减脂、充足运动和健康体重建议情况均不同(均P < 0.05)。
    结论 中国成年居民从医疗机构获取不吸烟、减盐、充足果蔬、减脂、充足运动和健康体重6种健康生活方式建议者比例均较低,其中获取不吸烟建议者比例最低,低文化程度、低收入水平和农村居民获取健康生活方式建议的比例较低。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To understand the status of Chinese adult residents receiving healthy lifestyle advice from medical institutions and to provide evidence for promoting healthy lifestyles in China.
    Methods Data were collected from 170 208 residents aged ≥ 18 years from 298 monitoring sites in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in the 2018 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance Project. The data included demographic characteristics and information on receiving advice on six healthy lifestyle advice from medical institutions: no smoking, salt reduction, adequate fruit and vegetable intake, fat reduction, adequate exercise, and healthy weight. The study analyzed the prevalence of receiving the advice.
    Results Among Chinese adult residents, (35.8%) received advice on no smoking, (50.3%) on salt reduction, (53.9%) on adequate fruit and vegetable intake, (51.1%) on fat reduction, (53.0%) on adequate exercise, and (46.8%) on healthy weight. Significant differences (all P < 0.001) were observed in the prevalence of receiving the six healthy lifestyle advice among adults of different ages, hypertension status, diabetes status, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Significant differences (all P < 0.05) were also found between genders regarding advice on no smoking, fat reduction, adequate exercise, and healthy weight. Significant differences (all P < 0.01) were observed among different education levels regarding advice on no smoking, adequate fruit and vegetable intake, fat reduction, adequate exercise, and healthy weight. Significant differences (all P < 0.05) were found among different annual per capita household income levels regarding advice on salt reduction, adequate fruit and vegetable intake, fat reduction, adequate exercise, and healthy weight. Significant differences (all P < 0.05) were also observed among different residential areas regarding advice on adequate fruit and vegetable intake, fat reduction, adequate exercise, and healthy weight.
    Conclusion The proportions of Chinese adults receiving advice on no smoking, salt reduction, adequate fruit and vegetable intake, fat reduction, adequate exercise, and healthy weight from medical institutions were all relatively low, with the lowest proportion receiving advice on no smoking. Adults with lower education levels, lower income levels, and those residing in rural areas had lower proportions of receiving healthy lifestyle advice.

     

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