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妊娠期糖尿病对不同性别子代婴儿肠道菌群的影响

Effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on the gut microbiota of male and female infants at 12 weeks: a hospital-based follow-up study

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探讨母亲妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）对不同性别子代婴儿肠道菌群的影响。
    方法 于2016年6月—2019年12月，将在河北省某县医院产检的孕妇为研究对象，共913名，收集孕检和实验室检查结果相关信息，并随访其子代至12周龄，采集子代婴儿的新鲜粪便作为样本。根据孕妇2次（孕12周和孕24周）的空腹血糖检测结果进行分组，将母亲孕期2次空腹血糖结果均≥5.1 mmol/L的婴儿纳入到GDM组；将母亲孕期2次空腹血糖结果均正常的婴儿纳入到对照组。应用高通量测序技术进行16S rDNA测序检测分析。
    结果 共有48名婴儿纳入到本研究，其中GDM组16人，对照组32人。女婴中GDM组的肠道菌群Chao1指数低于对照组（t=–3.34，P<0.01）。LEfSe分析显示男婴中GDM组高表达的肠道菌群为乳杆菌科/属（Lactobacillaceae、Lactobacillus），女婴中GDM组高表达的为肉杆菌科（Carnobacteriaceae）。男婴中，GDM组乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）的相对丰度高于对照组（Z=4.66，P=0.03），丹毒杆菌属（Erysipelatoclostridium）的相对丰度低于对照组（Z= –4.45，P=0.04）；女婴中，GDM组乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）和罗氏菌属（Rothia）的相对丰度低于对照组（Z= –10.19，P<0.01；Z= –4.42，P=0.04）。门水平、属水平肠道菌群在不同性别间的差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。
    结论 与母亲妊娠期健康的子代相比，母亲GDM子代女婴肠道菌群的丰富度降低，还可能影响子代女婴乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）、罗氏菌属（Rothia）的相对丰度。另外女婴肠道菌群的丰富要低于男婴，但性别对婴儿肠道菌群构成影响不明显。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To study the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the gut microbiota of male and female infants.
    Methods From June 2016 to December 2019, 913 singleton pregnant women (aged 18–45 years) attending prenatal examinations at a county hospital in Hebei province were enrolled in the study. Information on prenatal examinations and laboratory test results were collected, and their offspring were followed up to 12 weeks of age. Fresh fecal samples were collected from the infants as samples. Based on the results of two maternal fasting blood glucose tests (at 12 and 24 weeks of gestation), a total of 48 healthy full-term infants with no history of antibiotic use were divided into two groups: the GDM group, in which the mothers had fasting blood glucose levels ≥ 5.1 mmol/L on both tests, and the control group, in which the mothers had normal fasting blood glucose levels on both tests. 16S rDNA sequencing was performed using high-throughput sequencing technology.
    Results Of the 16 infants in the GDM group, 10 were male and 6 were female, while of the 32 infants in the control group, 17 were male and 15 were female. In the female infants, the Chao1 index of gut microbiota was lower in the GDM group than in the control group (t= –3.34, P< 0.01). LEfSe analysis showed that the highly expressed gut microbiota in the male infants of the GDM group were Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus, while in the female infants, it was Carnobacteriaceae. In male infants, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was higher in the GDM group than in the control group (Z=4.66, P =0.03), and the relative abundance of Erysipelatoclostridium was lower in the GDM group than in the control group (Z= –4.45, P= 0.04). In female infants, the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Rothia were lower in the GDM group than in the control group (Z= –10.19, P <0.01; Z= –4.42, P=0.04). There were no statistically significant gender differences in the gut microbiota at the phylum and genus level (all P > 0.05).
    Conclusions Compared with the offspring of mothers with healthy pregnancies, the gut microbiota richness of female infants of mothers with GDM was reduced, which may also affect the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Rothia in female infants. In addition, the gut microbiota richness of female infants was lower than that of male infants, but gender had no significant effect on the composition of the infant gut microbiota.

     

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